Starting from 2026, this resource is conducting beta testing for providing English versions of published articles generated using Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI). The editorial team uses GAI in view of the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies, their growing use in scholarly publishing, and the need to make the materials of the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine more accessible to English-speaking readers. In 2025, the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine was included in the European Encyclopedia Network (EEN). This decision is intended to significantly broaden the readership and promote the global dissemination of knowledge about Ukraine within the international scholarly community.
1.1. This policy is guided by COPE recommendations on publication ethics, in particular with regard to the labeling of translations, authorship responsibility, and the status of AI tools; by EASE recommendations and the guidance of leading academic publishers on the use of GAI as a language-support tool; and by the provisions of the resolution of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Foundations of the Strategy for the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence at the NAS of Ukraine, concerning the responsible, ethical, and verifiable use of AI in academic settings. The editorial team draws a clear distinction between the use of GAI (1) to generate new text and (2) to translate a text that has already been published. This policy concerns the latter case only.
2.1. Under this policy, the editorial team delegates the translation of the author’s text to GAI as a tool of linguistic mediation. The resulting text does not have the status of an official full English-language authorial version of the article and is intended for informational purposes only. The publication of an English-language version is accompanied by a clear indication of its status as a translation. On pages containing translated materials, the editorial team explicitly states that GAI was used to produce the translation, describes the nature of the editorial review performed, and provides a link to this policy.
3.1. Translations produced with the assistance of GAI are intended to reproduce the content and structure of the original text as accurately as possible, without arbitrary additions or interpretations. To this end, the editorial team uses closed corporate AI tools. Readers’ comments concerning translation accuracy are welcome and will be reviewed; see Contacts. If significant discrepancies are identified, the editorial team reserves the right to revise the English-language version.
3.2. Texts translated with the assistance of GAI undergo formal editorial review only and may therefore contain inaccuracies, terminological inconsistencies, and other divergences from the original text. The authentic and authoritative version of every article is always the original. For citation, academic reference, scholarly interpretation, and any other professional use, the original version of the publication must be used.
3.3. In certain cases, titles and textual elements are rendered by transliteration in accordance with Resolution No. 55 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of January 27, 2010, On Standardizing the Transliteration of the Ukrainian Alphabet into the Latin Script. Transliteration also applies to the article apparatus, including bibliographic descriptions, lists of works, titles, roles, and similar elements, where these are presented in Cyrillic.
• Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Authorship and AI tools. 13 February 2023. https://publicationethics.org/guidance/cope-position/authorship-and-ai-tools
• Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Publishing translations of previously published articles and resources. 20 August 2024. https://publicationethics.org/guidance/cope-position/publishing-translations-previously-published-articles-and-resources
• European Association of Science Editors (EASE). Recommendations on the Use of AI in Scholarly Communication. 25 September 2024. https://ease.org.uk/2024/09/recommendations-on-the-use-of-ai-in-scholarly-communication
• Resolution of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine "On the Foundations of the Strategy for the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine," No. 236, dated July 16, 2025.