1.1. This website, available at https://esu.com.ua (the “WEBSITE”), is the digital version of the multi-volume publication “Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine”.
1.2. The WEBSITE is operated by the Institute of Encyclopedic Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (the “PUBLISHER”).
1.3. Any person who accesses the WEBSITE and interacts with its content is considered a reader of the encyclopedia (the “USER”).
1.4. A person who is the author or co-author of works incorporated into encyclopedia articles published on the WEBSITE, including texts, photographs, maps, tables, or other materials, is referred to as the “AUTHOR”.
1.5. These Terms constitute a legally binding agreement governing the use of the WEBSITE and its CONTENT and apply to any person accessing the WEBSITE, regardless of their location. Any legal relations arising from the use of the WEBSITE shall be governed by the laws of Ukraine.
1.6. By accessing the WEBSITE, viewing its pages, downloading materials, or otherwise using its CONTENT, the USER acknowledges and agrees to be bound by these Terms in full.
1.7. The WEBSITE operates under the version of these Terms in effect at the time of access. The date of the latest update is indicated at the end of this document.
2.1. The WEBSITE and its CONTENT are subject to copyright protection under the laws of Ukraine, as well as under international copyright treaties to which Ukraine is a party.
2.2. The PUBLISHER holds exclusive proprietary rights to the WEBSITE as a whole, including its structure, selection, and arrangement of materials.
2.3. AUTHORS retain exclusive proprietary and moral rights to their respective works.
2.4. The use of materials owned by third parties (including photographs) is governed by applicable law and the rights of the respective rights holders.
3.1. The WEBSITE grants the USER a limited, non-exclusive, free-of-charge right to access the CONTENT solely for informational purposes.
3.2. The USER may:
– read the materials available on the WEBSITE;
– download and store materials for personal, non-commercial use;
– quote excerpts to the extent justified by the purpose of quotation, provided that proper attribution to the source is given.
3.3. “Non-commercial use” means use that does not involve any direct or indirect commercial gain or financial benefit.
3.4. Unless expressly permitted by the applicable law or authorized in writing by the relevant rights holder, the following is prohibited:
– reproduction of materials in whole or in part beyond statutory exceptions;
– distribution, communication to the public, or otherwise making materials publicly available in full;
– creation of derivative works, including translation, adaptation, or modification;
– any commercial use;
– licensing or sublicensing of the materials;
– systematic or bulk reproduction of materials and their inclusion in databases or other information systems for further distribution, except for automated indexing of the WEBSITE by publicly available search engines.
3.5. The AUTHOR has the right to:
– use their works in any manner that does not contradict applicable law;
– deposit their works in archives, repositories, and other information systems;
– otherwise use their works in accordance with their proprietary rights, unless otherwise provided by an agreement with the PUBLISHER.
3.6. Matters related to the use of artificial intelligence in connection with the WEBSITE and its CONTENT are governed by the AI Policy: https://esu.com.ua/about/ai-policy.
4.1. The WEBSITE is provided free of charge with open access to its CONTENT.
4.2. The PUBLISHER reserves the right to modify the interface, structure, and content of the WEBSITE, as well as these Terms, at any time without prior notice.
4.3. The PUBLISHER may suspend or discontinue the operation of the WEBSITE, temporarily or permanently.
5.1. The CONTENT is provided on an “as is” basis for informational and educational purposes only.
5.2. The information provided on the WEBSITE does not constitute legal, medical, technical, or any other form of professional advice.
5.3. The PUBLISHER assumes no responsibility for the content or legal status of materials owned by third parties, nor for any use of such materials by USERS.
5.4. While the PUBLISHER makes reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the CONTENT, it does not warrant that the CONTENT is complete, accurate, up-to-date, or fit for any particular purpose, and shall not be liable for any consequences arising from its use.
5.5. The PUBLISHER does not guarantee uninterrupted or error-free operation of the WEBSITE, nor the absence of technical issues or temporary unavailability.
5.6. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the PUBLISHER shall not be liable for any direct or indirect damages, including loss of data or other losses, arising from the use of or inability to use the WEBSITE or its CONTENT.
6.1. These Terms shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine, regardless of the USER’s location.
6.2. Any disputes arising in connection with these Terms shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of Ukraine.
6.3. If any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid, the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect.
Last updated: January 29, 2026